What Does Glycolic Acid Do? A Deep Dive into Its Transformative Skincare Benefits

Sale Alert for my readers-

• Nykaa Summer Sale – Up to 60% off

• MAC – Flat 20% off at Nykaa

• e.l.f – Buy 1 Get 1 at Nykaa

In the ever-evolving landscape of skincare, where new stars rise and fall with the changing tides of trends and research, one ingredient has stood the test of time with unwavering resilience: glycolic acid. This powerhouse exfoliant, derived from sugar cane, is more than just a fleeting fascination; it’s a cornerstone of effective skincare routines worldwide.

Its ability to penetrate the skin, promoting exfoliation at a cellular level, makes it a revered ally in the quest for luminous, youthful skin.

As we embark on a journey through the myriad benefits of glycolic acid, we’ll uncover why this remarkable ingredient deserves not just a spot but a place of honor in your skincare regimen. From combating acne to reducing fine lines, glycolic acid’s versatility and efficacy illuminate its role as not merely a product but a transformative experience for your skin.

Glycolic acid, a powerhouse ingredient nestled within the family of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), has rightfully earned its place as a cornerstone in the world of skincare. From accelerating cell turnover to vanquishing dull, uneven skin tones, glycolic acid stands out for its unparalleled ability to refine the complexion.

Whether you’re battling with age-induced concerns, acne, or simply seeking a radiant glow, incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine could be the game-changer you’ve been searching for.

What is Glycolic Acid?

Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived primarily from sugar cane, but it can also be made synthetically in a laboratory. Chemically, it is the smallest AHA, which allows it to easily penetrate the skin, making it one of the most effective and widely used AHAs in skincare.

It is known for its ability to exfoliate the skin, promote cell turnover, and enhance skin rejuvenation.

Brief History of Glycolic Acid Use in Skincare

The use of glycolic acid in skincare dates back to ancient civilizations, where natural sources of AHAs like sour milk and fermented fruits were used for skin rejuvenation and brightening.

However, the modern use of glycolic acid in skincare began in the 1990s when dermatologists started using it for chemical peels.

Its popularity soared as the benefits of glycolic acid for skin texture, tone, and overall complexion became evident. Today, it is found in a wide range of skincare products, from cleansers and toners to serums and creams.

Comparison to Other AHAs

While glycolic acid is just one of several AHAs used in skin care, including lactic acid, mandelic acid, and citric acid, it is often considered the most effective due to its small molecular size.

This characteristic allows it to penetrate the skin more deeply and easily than other AHAs, leading to more significant exfoliation and faster cell turnover.

• Lactic Acid: Derived from milk, lactic acid is larger in molecular size compared to glycolic acid, making it less potent but also less irritating. It’s particularly beneficial for sensitive skin types and those looking for hydration along with exfoliation.

• Mandelic Acid: With an even larger molecule than lactic acid, mandelic acid is derived from bitter almonds. It’s known for its gentle exfoliating properties and is suitable for those with extremely sensitive skin or those new to AHAs.

• Citric Acid: Extracted from citrus fruits, citric acid is not only used for exfoliation but also to adjust the pH of skincare products. It has antioxidant properties but is less commonly used for significant exfoliation due to its larger molecular size and primary role in product formulation.

What Does Glycolic Acid Do to Your Skin?

Glycolic acid, a prominent alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane, performs multiple transformative actions on the skin due to its small molecular size, which allows it to penetrate deeply and effectively. Here’s how glycolic acid benefits your skin:

1. Exfoliates the Surface: Glycolic acid dissolves the bonds between dead skin cells on the surface, allowing them to be sloughed away easily. This reveals fresher, brighter skin underneath and helps to maintain a smoother skin texture.

2. Promotes Cell Turnover: By removing the outer layer of dead skin cells, glycolic acid encourages the growth of new skin cells. Increased cell turnover can help to lighten discoloration, such as sun spots and age spots, leading to a more even skin tone.

3. Stimulates Collagen Production: Glycolic acid penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin to stimulate collagen production. Collagen is a protein that gives our skin structure and elasticity. By boosting collagen, glycolic acid can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making the skin appear firmer and more youthful.

4. Clears Acne: Its exfoliating properties help to clear pores of dead skin cells and sebum, reducing the occurrence of acne breakouts. Additionally, by promoting faster healing of the skin, it can also help to minimize acne scars over time.

5. Hydrates the Skin: Although primarily known for its exfoliating benefits, glycolic acid also has humectant properties, meaning it can attract water molecules from the air into the skin, helping to hydrate and plump the skin.

6. Enhances Absorption of Skincare Products: By removing the outermost layer of dead skin cells, glycolic acid improves the skin’s ability to absorb other skincare products. This means that moisturizers, serums, and treatments applied after glycolic acid can penetrate more deeply and work more effectively.

Also, Read: The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution Review

Glycolic Acid Benefits

Glycolic acid has emerged as a star ingredient in the realm of skincare, celebrated for its multifaceted benefits that cater to a wide array of skin concerns.

Sourced from sugar cane, this alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is renowned not only for its exfoliating capabilities but also for its ability to rejuvenate the skin, making it a staple in many skincare routines.

1. Exfoliation at Its Best

One of the primary benefits of glycolic acid is its powerful exfoliating properties. It works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to be easily washed away. This process reveals a fresher, brighter layer of skin underneath, leading to an improvement in skin texture and complexion.

According to The Inkey List, regular use of glycolic acid can maintain glowing skin and a healthy scalp, highlighting its importance in exfoliation (The Inkey List).

2. Promoting a Brighter, More Even Skin Tone

Glycolic acid plays a significant role in addressing hyperpigmentation and dullness. Removing the outermost layer of dead cells, can reduce the appearance of dark spots and lead to a more even skin tone.

3. Boosting Collagen Production

Collagen is essential for maintaining skin elasticity and youthfulness. Glycolic acid influences collagen synthesis by stimulating the fibroblasts in the skin, which are responsible for producing collagen.

Glycolic acid supports collagen production and protects the skin against sun damage, further enhancing its anti-aging benefits.

4. Acne and Pore Size Reduction

For those with acne-prone skin, glycolic acid offers a beacon of hope. Its exfoliating action helps prevent pores from getting clogged with dead skin cells and sebum, thus reducing the occurrence of acne.

It can minimize the appearance of pores by promoting a smoother skin surface.

5. Enhanced Product Absorption

Exfoliating with glycolic acid can improve the efficacy of other skincare products. By removing the layer of dead skin cells, it allows for better penetration of serums, moisturizers, and treatments, making them more effective.

This aspect is crucial for those looking to maximize the benefits of their skincare regimen.

Glycolic Acid vs Salicylic Acid

Glycolic acid and salicylic acid are both widely used in skin care for their exfoliating properties, but they work in different ways and target different skin concerns due to their distinct chemical structures.

Glycolic Acid is great for addressing surface-level skin issues like fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. It works on the top layer of the skin, promoting cell turnover and revealing fresher, brighter skin.

Salicylic Acid is more suited for deep cleaning pores and targeting acne-related issues. Its ability to penetrate oil makes it especially useful for those with oily skin and acne.

How to Incorporate Glycolic Acid into Your Skincare Routine

Incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine can unveil a brighter, smoother, and more youthful complexion. However, to harness its full potential without causing irritation, it’s essential to approach it with mindfulness regarding concentration, product types, application techniques, and sun protection.

1. Choosing the Right Concentration

The key to introducing glycolic acid into your regimen lies in selecting the right concentration suited to your skin type and sensitivity levels. For beginners or those with sensitive skin, starting with a lower concentration (around 5-10%) in products like cleansers or toners can help your skin acclimate without overwhelming it.

As your skin builds tolerance, you may gradually advance to higher concentrations or opt for leave-on treatments like serums and creams, which typically range from 10% to 20% for over-the-counter products.

It’s crucial to listen to your skin’s response and adjust accordingly to avoid irritation.

Glycolic Acid Product Types

• Cleansers: Ideal for daily use to gently remove dead skin cells and impurities.

• Toners: Help to balance the skin’s pH and prep the skin for additional products.

• Serums: Concentrated formulas designed for targeted concerns, such as aging signs or texture irregularities.

• Creams: Provide hydration along with the exfoliating benefits of glycolic acid, suitable for nightly routines.

2. Application Tips for Optimal Results

For optimal results, apply glycolic acid products to clean, dry skin. If you’re using a serum or cream, a pea-sized amount is usually sufficient. Spread it evenly across the face, avoiding the eye area, and wait for it to fully absorb before layering on other products.

Given the potency of glycolic acid, it’s wise to start with a frequency of 2-3 times a week, gradually increasing as tolerated.

Patch Testing: Before fully integrating glycolic acid into your routine, perform a patch test on a small area of your skin, preferably behind the ear or on the inner forearm, to ensure no adverse reactions occur.

3. The Significance of Sun Protection

Glycolic acid can increase your skin’s sensitivity to the sun, elevating the risk of sunburn and sun damage. This heightened sensitivity necessitates diligent use of sunscreen during the day, even if you apply glycolic acid products only at night.

Opt for a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, reapplying every two hours when exposed to direct sunlight. Consider wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours to further shield your skin.

Potential Side Effects and How to Mitigate Them

While glycolic acid is celebrated for its remarkable skin-renewing benefits, like any potent skincare ingredient, it can come with its set of potential side effects.

Understanding these and knowing how to mitigate them can ensure you reap the benefits of glycolic acid without undue discomfort.

Common Side Effects Associated with Glycolic Acid Use

1. Skin Irritation: Redness, burning, or itching sensations are common, especially when starting glycolic acid or using high concentrations.

2. Dryness and Peeling: The exfoliating action of glycolic acid can strip away moisture, leading to dryness or flaking skin.

3. Increased Sun Sensitivity: Glycolic acid removes the outermost layer of dead skin cells, making the new skin more vulnerable to UV damage.

4. Temporary Breakouts: Sometimes, as glycolic acid accelerates skin turnover, it can initially cause purging, where existing clogged pores come to the surface faster, appearing as a breakout.

Tips for Minimizing Irritation and Discomfort

• Start Slowly: Begin with lower concentrations of glycolic acid and use it sparingly, perhaps 2-3 times a week, gradually increasing frequency based on your skin’s tolerance.

• Patch Test: Before applying a new glycolic acid product over your face, do a patch test on a small skin area to check for adverse reactions.

• Moisturize: Following up with a nourishing moisturizer after applying glycolic acid can help counteract dryness by replenishing lost moisture. Look for ingredients like hyaluronic acid or ceramides that support the skin’s barrier function.

• Use Sunscreen: Protect your skin from heightened sun sensitivity by applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every day, reapplying every two hours of sun exposure. This step is non-negotiable.

• Avoid Mixing Certain Ingredients: Combining glycolic acid with other potent actives like retinol, vitamin C, or additional exfoliants can increase irritation risk. It’s generally best to alternate these in your AM/PM routines or use them on different days.

• Listen to Your Skin: Pay close attention to how your skin responds to glycolic acid. If irritation persists, consider reducing the frequency of use or switching to a product with a lower concentration. Consulting with a dermatologist can provide personalized advice tailored to your skin’s needs.

Can I use Glycolic Acid Every Day?

Using glycolic acid daily is possible, but whether it’s advisable depends on your skin’s tolerance, the product’s concentration, and your overall skincare routine.

Products with lower concentrations of glycolic acid, such as cleansers or toners, are typically formulated for more frequent use and may be suitable for daily application without causing irritation for most skin types.

However, it’s essential to start slowly, especially if you’re new to glycolic acid, to allow your skin to adjust.

What Not to Pair with Glycolic Acid Serum?

When incorporating glycolic acid serum into your skincare routine, it’s important to be mindful of what other active ingredients you’re using to avoid irritation or compromising your skin barrier. Here are some ingredients generally advised not to pair with glycolic acid serum:

1. Retinol/Retinoids: Combining glycolic acid with retinol or prescription retinoids can lead to excessive dryness, peeling, and irritation due to their strong exfoliating and skin-renewing properties. If you wish to use both, consider applying them at different times (e.g., one in the morning and the other in the evening) or on alternate days.

2. Other AHAs/BHAs: Using glycolic acid in conjunction with other alpha hydroxy acids (like lactic acid) or beta hydroxy acids (like salicylic acid) can increase the risk of over-exfoliation, leading to redness, sensitivity, and a compromised skin barrier. It’s best to choose one exfoliating acid that suits your skin type and concerns.

3. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): While some argue that combining glycolic acid with vitamin C can lower the pH of ascorbic acid, potentially reducing its effectiveness, others believe the combination can be beneficial if properly formulated. However, for those with sensitive or reactive skin, using both simultaneously might cause irritation. Consider using them at different times of the day or on alternate days.

4. Benzoyl Peroxide: Benzoyl peroxide is commonly used to treat acne but can cause irritation and dryness when used with glycolic acid. Additionally, there can be a deactivating interaction between these two ingredients, making them less effective.

Also, Read: The Ordinary Soothing and Barrier Support Serum Review – The Results are NOT GOOD!

Is Glycolic Acid Suitable for Sensitive Skin?

Glycolic acid can be suitable for sensitive skin, but it requires careful consideration and cautious use. Given its potent exfoliating properties, glycolic acid has the potential to cause irritation or discomfort for those with sensitive skin types.

However, when used correctly, it can offer the benefits of improved texture, brightness, and an even skin tone even for sensitive skin. Here are some tips for incorporating glycolic acid into a skincare routine for sensitive skin:

1. Choose Low Concentrations: Start with products that have a lower concentration of glycolic acid (under 10%). Lower concentrations can still provide effective exfoliation without overwhelming sensitive skin.

2. Patch Test: Before applying glycolic acid over your entire face, do a patch test on a small area of your skin, such as behind the ear or on the inner forearm, to ensure no adverse reactions occur.

3. Introduce Slowly: Begin by using glycolic acid once a week, gradually increasing the frequency as your skin builds tolerance. This slow introduction gives your skin time to adjust without causing irritation.

4. Use Soothing Ingredients: Look for glycolic acid products that also contain soothing and hydrating ingredients like aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, or ceramides. These can help mitigate potential irritation and support the skin barrier.

5. Monitor and Adjust: Pay close attention to how your skin responds to glycolic acid. If you experience redness, burning, itching, or peeling, reduce the frequency of use or switch to an even lower concentration. It’s crucial to listen to your skin and adjust accordingly.

6. Moisturize and Protect: Follow up with a gentle, nourishing moisturizer to help soothe and hydrate the skin. Since glycolic acid can increase sun sensitivity, applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every morning is essential to protect your skin.

For individuals with sensitive skin, it’s always a good idea to consult with a dermatologist before introducing an active ingredient like glycolic acid.

Can I use Glycolic Acid on my Scalp?

Yes, you can use glycolic acid on the scalp, and it can be quite beneficial for improving scalp health and, indirectly, hair quality. Glycolic acid, known for its exfoliating properties, can help address common scalp issues when used properly.

Here are some of the benefits and considerations for using glycolic acid on the scalp:

Benefits

1. Exfoliates the Scalp: Glycolic acid effectively removes dead skin cells from the scalp, helping to reduce flakiness and prevent dandruff. This exfoliation can also unclog hair follicles, promoting healthier hair growth.

2. Balances Moisture: By exfoliating the outer layer of dead skin, glycolic acid can help balance oil production on the scalp, reducing issues of both dryness and oiliness over time.

3. Reduces Scalp Acne: For those prone to pimples on their scalp, glycolic acid can help by clearing away dead skin and excess sebum that contribute to acne formation.

4. Improves Hair Texture: While primarily a scalp treatment, the effects of glycolic acid can extend to the hair, potentially leading to smoother and more manageable strands due to better scalp health.

Considerations

1. Concentration: It’s important to use a glycolic acid product formulated specifically for scalp use, which will have an appropriate concentration and pH balance to avoid irritation.

2. Frequency: Start with infrequent applications (once a week) to see how your scalp reacts. You can adjust the frequency based on your scalp’s tolerance and needs.

3. Application: Apply the glycolic acid product directly to the scalp, following the instructions provided. This might involve massaging the product in, leaving it on for a specified period, and then rinsing thoroughly.

4. Sun Sensitivity: Glycolic acid can increase sensitivity to UV radiation, so consider protecting your scalp with a hat or using a scalp-specific sunscreen if you’ll be in direct sunlight.

5. Patch Test: Before applying glycolic acid widely across your scalp, perform a patch test to ensure you don’t have an adverse reaction.

6. Consultation: If you have a pre-existing scalp condition or sensitive skin, it’s wise to consult with a dermatologist before introducing glycolic acid into your scalp care routine.

What are some uses of Glycolic acid other than on the face?

Glycolic acid, a popular alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), is well-known for its skin benefits, particularly in facial care products for exfoliation, brightening, and anti-aging. However, its utility extends beyond facial skincare, offering several benefits for other parts of the body and various applications. Here are some notable uses of glycolic acid outside facial treatments:

1. Scalp Care

Glycolic acid can be used on the scalp to remove dead skin cells, reduce dandruff, and promote a healthy environment for hair growth. It helps in balancing oil production and can alleviate scalp conditions such as psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.

2. Body Skincare

Products containing glycolic acid, like body lotions and peels, can improve skin texture and tone on the body. They’re effective in treating keratosis pilaris (a condition that causes small, rough bumps) on arms and legs, reducing the appearance of scars, and evening out skin pigmentation.

3. Hand and Foot Care

Glycolic acid creams and peels can be used on hands and feet to soften rough patches, diminish the appearance of age spots, and promote smoother, more youthful-looking skin. It’s particularly beneficial for treating calluses and dry, cracked heels.

4. Ingrown Hairs

Applying glycolic acid to areas prone to ingrown hairs, such as the bikini line, underarms, and legs, can help exfoliate the skin and free trapped hairs, reducing redness and bumps associated with ingrown hairs.

5. Nail Treatment

Glycolic acid can be used in lower concentrations to exfoliate the cuticle area, promoting healthier and smoother cuticles. It might also enhance the absorption of other nail treatments or moisturizers.

Also, Read: How to Use a Gua Sha Stone for Facial Massage and Skin Care

Best Glycolic Acid Products in the Market

As of my last update, several glycolic acid products stand out in the market for their effectiveness, formulation, and popularity.

Here’s a curated list of some of the best glycolic acid products across various categories and price ranges:

• The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution – This toner is highly acclaimed for its affordability and effectiveness in exfoliating the skin, improving texture, and reducing dullness.

• SkinCeuticals Glycolic 10 Renew Overnight – A night cream that combines 10% glycolic acid with phytic acid to promote skin clarity and brightness, suitable for most skin types.

• Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Framboos™ Glycolic Night Serum – A high-end option that blends glycolic with other alpha and beta hydroxy acids to refine and resurface the skin, revealing a smoother and more radiant complexion.

• Pixi Glow Tonic – A cult favorite, this gentle exfoliating toner contains 5% glycolic acid and is designed to tone, brighten, and hydrate for a clear, glowing complexion.

• Mario Badescu Glycolic Acid Toner – Suitable for dry and sensitive skin types, this toner aims to soften and smooth the skin while diminishing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

• Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting 8% AHA Gel Exfoliant – With 8% glycolic acid, this lightweight gel exfoliant helps to remove dead skin cells, boosting the skin’s tone and texture.

• L’Oréal Paris Revitalift Derm Intensives 10% Pure Glycolic Acid Serum – An affordable serum that promises to visibly even skin tone and reduce wrinkles, dark spots, and fine lines with continued use.

• Murad Rapid Resurfacing Peel – Pre-soaked peel pads that combine glycolic acid with vitamin C to brighten and rejuvenate the skin, offering a convenient at-home peel experience.

• Alpha Skin Care Intensive Renewal Serum – This serum boasts 14% glycolic acid, making it one of the stronger over-the-counter options for experienced users looking for significant exfoliation.

• Glytone Exfoliating Body Lotion – Not just for the face, this body lotion contains a high concentration of glycolic acid to smooth rough bumps and uneven skin texture on the body.

Final Thoughts

Glycolic acid isn’t just another buzzword in the beauty realm; it’s a true skincare hero that deserves its spotlight on your vanity.

Whether you’re looking to turn the page on dull skin, address those pesky signs of aging, or keep breakouts at bay, glycolic acid steps up, offering a multitasking solution that feels like a personal skincare revolution.

Embracing it in your routine is like having a heart-to-heart with your skin, acknowledging its needs, and nurturing it toward its most radiant state. With each application, it’s not just about the visible transformation; it’s about embarking on a journey of self-care that’s as rewarding as it is beautifying.

So, let’s give glycolic acid the standing ovation it deserves, celebrating not just the glow it brings to our faces, but the confidence it instills in us. Here’s to unlocking the best version of our skin, together.